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新方法使科学家们能够以前所未有的细节观察细胞的分泌情况_我的网站
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For residents of East China's Shandong Province, however, green beans have never been a miracle diet food or an internet meme. Instead, they are an unmistakable sign that summer has arrived — and, for many families, the beginning of weeks of eating them, giving them away and wondering how on earth there are still more waiting to be picked.
The season of endless beans
For Zhao Qian, a Shandong native, summer has always had a familiar color: green.
"When I was little, the moment different bean dishes started appearing on the table day after day, I knew summer had arrived," Zhao told the Global Times. "No matter how many we ate, there were always more. It was as if the vines kept producing beans overnight."
A Chinese saying goes, "Eating beans in summer is better than eating meat." Heat-loving green beans have been cultivated in China for more than one thousand years. Originally introduced from abroad, they gradually found a permanent place on Chinese dining tables thanks to their versatility, nutritional value and ability to fill hungry stomachs, according to an article published by People.cn.
Today, with the rise of greenhouse farming and an increasingly sophisticated cold-chain logistics network, fresh vegetables are available year-round across China. The old rule of eating produce only in season has largely given way to year-round abundance. Yet in Shandong, China's largest vegetable-producing province, green beans remain inseparable from summer. More than an endless seasonal harvest, they have become the taste of home for generations of locals.
One of Zhao's strongest childhood memories wasn't eating the beans, but preparing them.
"Every summer, the adults would hand me a basin full of freshly picked beans and ask me to strip off the tough strings along both sides," she recalled. "I'd sit on a little stool and work through the whole pile. It looked like an easy job, but after peeling bean after bean, my fingertips would start to hurt. By the time I finished one basin, there was always another one waiting."
For many families in Shandong, summer means an endless cycle of picking, eating and sharing green beans. In vegetable gardens, rows of trellises are soon covered in climbing vines. When the peak harvest season arrives, the beans need to be picked almost every day before they become old and fibrous. Those that cannot be finished at home are packed into bags and given to relatives, neighbors and friends.
"Your family has beans, and so does mine, but we still give them to each other," Cao Yu, a Shandong native who grew up on the Jiaodong Peninsula in East China, told the Global Times on Wednesday with a laugh.
A plentiful harvest also brings what locals jokingly call "bean freedom" to the dinner table. Sesame-dressed beans, braised beans with pork ribs and, above all, bean-filled steamed buns — a dish mentioned by almost every Shandong native interviewed by the Global Times. For many people, these dishes are no longer simply seasonal food, but the familiar taste of summer, family and hometown.
The hands that harvest summer
Behind the seemingly endless harvest is another busy summer ritual — picking. For many elderly farmers, harvesting green beans means spending hours each day moving from one trellis to another, reaching through dense vines and picking bean after bean by hand.
A nail salon in Jining, Shandong Province, recently went viral after offering free "bean-picking manicures" to residents aged 60 and above. Instead of fashionable designs or glittering decorations, the salon applies thicker, longer nail extensions that make it easier to pinch and snap off the beans while protecting fingertips from pain. A coat of colored polish is added simply to help conceal stains left by vegetable sap, according to video clips circulating on Chinese social media platforms Douyin and Sina Weibo.
The salon owner, herself the daughter of farmers, said thumb injuries and damaged fingernails are common during the bean-picking process. In videos posted on her Douyin account, many elderly women said the manicures made picking beans much easier. Even more amusingly, some older men initially refused to get a manicure, only to change their minds after hearing enthusiastic recommendations from the "grandmas' group."
For perhaps the first time, beauty took a back seat to practicality, and a manicure became another way of caring for hardworking hands.
While the internet continues to joke about undercooked beans as a shortcut to weight loss, doctors stress there is nothing amusing about eating them raw. Liang Jiajing, a clinical nutritionist at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, said raw or undercooked beans contain naturally occurring toxins that can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, but the toxins are destroyed through thorough cooking, according to a Jimu News report.
The internet may remember green beans as the latest viral "weight-loss hack." In Shandong, however, they tell very different stories — one of overflowing harvests, bags of beans exchanged between neighbors, family recipes passed down through generations, and hardworking hands that quietly bring the harvest to the table. Long after the online jokes fade, the taste of summer — and of home — remains.
。 由麦凯尔维工程学院机械工程和材料科学的Lilyan & E. Lisle Hughes教授Srikanth Singamaneni和Singamaneni实验室的前博士后Anushree Seth领导的研究人员开发了FluoroDOT测定法。
B | 该研究最近发表在《细胞报告方法》上。这种高度敏感的检测方法能够在大约30分钟内看到并测量单个细胞分泌的蛋白质。树突状细胞在不同时间点分泌蛋白1（TNFa，红色显示）和蛋白2（IL-6，黄色显示）的FluoroDOT检测图像（从左到右。
C | 未受刺激、受刺激30分钟、1小时、2小时和3小时）。细胞的细胞核以蓝色显示。白色箭头突出显示了只分泌一种蛋白质或两种蛋白质的不同数量和不同时间点的细胞。图像: Srikanth Singamaneni/华盛顿大学与来自其他大学和华盛顿大学医学院的科学家一起发现FluoroDOT检测法用途广泛，价格低廉，可适应任何实验室环境，并且有可能比目前常用的检测法更全面地了解这些蛋白质。生物医学研究人员通过分泌蛋白来了解细胞间通讯、细胞信号传导、激活和炎症等方面的信息，但目前的方法在敏感性方面受到限制，而且可能需要24小时的繁琐处理流程。
D | 质子-荧光是Singamaneni实验室创造的一种质子增强的纳米标签，比传统的荧光标签亮16000倍，信噪比超过30倍，这是FluoroDOT检测法与其他检测法的区别所在。
E | Singamaneni说："质子-荧光剂是由金属纳米粒子组成的，它作为天线拉入光线并增强分子荧光团的荧光发射，从而使它成为一种超亮的纳米粒子。"这种质子-荧光的超亮发射使用户能够看到极少量的分泌蛋白，这是他们在现有测定法中无法做到的，加上利用定制的算法，用每个簇或斑点的颗粒数量或点状图案，实现以数字方式测量高分辨率信号。此外，它不需要特殊设备。Singamaneni和他的合作者于2020年在《自然-生物医学工程》杂志上首次发表了他们的等离子体氟化物工作。这项正在申请专利的质子荧光技术由圣路易斯华盛顿大学技术管理办公室授权给Auragent生物科学有限公司。"使用一个简单的荧光显微镜，我们能够同时对一个细胞以及它周围分泌的蛋白质的空间分布进行成像，"Seth说，他作为Singamaneni实验室的博士后学者从事这个项目，并作为Auragent生物科学公司的首席科学家（细胞应用）继续从事这项工作。"我们看到不同细胞类型的有趣分泌模式。这种检测方法还能同时观察来自单个细胞的两种类型的蛋白质。当多个细胞受到相同的刺激时，我们可以将同时分泌两种蛋白质的细胞与只分泌一种蛋白质或根本不分泌的细胞区分开来。"为了验证这项技术，该团队使用了从人类和小鼠细胞中分泌的蛋白质，包括感染了结核分枝杆菌的免疫细胞。
F | 合作者和共同作者之一，医学博士Jennifer A. Philips，医学和分子微生物学系的Theodore和Bertha Bryan教授，以及医学院传染病科的共同主任，已经在她的实验室中使用了FluoroDOT测定。Philips举例说："当结核分枝杆菌感染免疫细胞时，这些细胞通过分泌重要的免疫蛋白（称为细胞因子）做出反应。但不是所有的细胞都以同样的方式对感染做出反应。
G | FluoroDOT测定使我们能够看到群体中的单个细胞如何对感染做出反应--看到哪些细胞正在分泌以及朝哪个方向分泌。这在旧技术中是不可能的。
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